[unix] img 파일 내에서 파티션을 포맷하는 방법은 무엇입니까?

최소 실행 가능 sfdisk+ mke2fs예 미포함sudo

이 예에서는 sudoor 없이 setsuid, 호스트 디렉토리의 파일로 채워진 두 개의 ext2 파티션이 포함 된 이미지 파일을 작성합니다.

그런 다음 sudo losetup파티션을 마운트하여 Linux 커널이 실제로 읽을 수 있는지 테스트하기 위해 /programming/1419489/how-to-mount-one-partition-from-an-image를 사용합니다. 다중 파티션을 포함하는 파일 / 39675265 # 39675265

자세한 내용은 다음을 참조하십시오.

• sfdisk: 파티션 테이블을 처리합니다 : /superuser/332252/how-to-create-and-format-a-partition-using-a-bash-script/1132834#1132834
• mke2fs: 파티션의 EXT 형식을 처리합니다 : /superuser/605196/how-to-create-ext2-image-without-superuser-rights/1366762#1366762

예를 들면 :

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Input params.
root_dir_1=root1
root_dir_2=root2
partition_file_1=part1.ext2
partition_file_2=part2.ext2
partition_size_1_megs=32
partition_size_2_megs=32
img_file=img.img
block_size=512

# Calculated params.
mega="$(echo '2^20' | bc)"
partition_size_1=$(($partition_size_1_megs * $mega))
partition_size_2=$(($partition_size_2_megs * $mega))

# Create a test directory to convert to ext2.
mkdir -p "$root_dir_1"
echo content-1 > "${root_dir_1}/file-1"
mkdir -p "$root_dir_2"
echo content-2 > "${root_dir_2}/file-2"

# Create the 2 raw ext2 images.
rm -f "$partition_file_1"
mke2fs \
  -d "$root_dir_1" \
  -r 1 \
  -N 0 \
  -m 5 \
  -L '' \
  -O ^64bit \
  "$partition_file_1" \
  "${partition_size_1_megs}M" \
;
rm -f "$partition_file_2"
mke2fs \
  -d "$root_dir_2" \
  -r 1 \
  -N 0 \
  -m 5 \
  -L '' \
  -O ^64bit \
  "$partition_file_2" \
  "${partition_size_2_megs}M" \
;

# Default offset according to
part_table_offset=$((2**20))
cur_offset=0
bs=1024
dd if=/dev/zero of="$img_file" bs="$bs" count=$((($part_table_offset + $partition_size_1 + $partition_size_2)/$bs)) skip="$(($cur_offset/$bs))"
printf "
type=83, size=$(($partition_size_1/$block_size))
type=83, size=$(($partition_size_2/$block_size))
" | sfdisk "$img_file"
cur_offset=$(($cur_offset + $part_table_offset))
# TODO: can we prevent this and use mke2fs directly on the image at an offset?
# Tried -E offset= but could not get it to work.
dd if="$partition_file_1" of="$img_file" bs="$bs" seek="$(($cur_offset/$bs))"
cur_offset=$(($cur_offset + $partition_size_1))
rm "$partition_file_1"
dd if="$partition_file_2" of="$img_file" bs="$bs" seek="$(($cur_offset/$bs))"
cur_offset=$(($cur_offset + $partition_size_2))
rm "$partition_file_2"

# Test the ext2 by mounting it with sudo.
# sudo is only used for testing, the image is completely ready at this point.

# losetup automation functions from:
# /programming/1419489/how-to-mount-one-partition-from-an-image-file-that-contains-multiple-partitions/39675265#39675265
loop-mount-partitions() (
  set -e
  img="$1"
  dev="$(sudo losetup --show -f -P "$img")"
  echo "$dev" | sed -E 's/.*[^[:digit:]]([[:digit:]]+$)/\1/g'
  for part in "${dev}p"*; do
    if [ "$part" = "${dev}p*" ]; then
      # Single partition image.
      part="${dev}"
    fi
    dst="/mnt/$(basename "$part")"
    echo "$dst" 1>&2
    sudo mkdir -p "$dst"
    sudo mount "$part" "$dst"
  done
)
loop-unmount-partitions() (
  set -e
  for loop_id in "$@"; do
    dev="/dev/loop${loop_id}"
    for part in "${dev}p"*; do
      if [ "$part" = "${dev}p*" ]; then
        part="${dev}"
      fi
      dst="/mnt/$(basename "$part")"
      sudo umount "$dst"
    done
    sudo losetup -d "$dev"
  done
)

loop_id="$(loop-mount-partitions "$img_file")"
sudo cmp /mnt/loop0p1/file-1 "${root_dir_1}/file-1"
sudo cmp /mnt/loop0p2/file-2 "${root_dir_2}/file-2"
loop-unmount-partitions "$loop_id"

우분투 18.04에서 테스트되었습니다. GitHub의 상류 .

기존 원시 파일 시스템 파일을 이미지로 랩핑하는 도우미

위에서 추출하면 다음이 유용 할 수 있습니다.

# Put a raw filesystem file into a disk image with a partition table.
#
# /unix/209566/how-to-format-a-partition-inside-of-an-img-file/527132#527132
#
# Usage:
#
#     sfdisk-fs-to-img root.ext2
#
# Creates a file:
#
#     sfdisk-fs-to-img root.ext2.img
#
sfdisk-fs-to-img() (
  partition_file_1="$1"
  img_file="${partition_file_1}.img"
  block_size=512
  partition_size_1="$(wc -c "$partition_file_1" | awk '{print $1}')"
  part_table_offset=$((2**20))
  cur_offset=0
  bs=1024
  dd if=/dev/zero of="$img_file" bs="$bs" count=$((($part_table_offset + $partition_size_1)/$bs)) skip="$(($cur_offset/$bs))"
  printf "
  type=83, size=$(($partition_size_1/$block_size))
  " | sfdisk "$img_file"
  cur_offset=$(($cur_offset + $part_table_offset))
  dd if="$partition_file_1" of="$img_file" bs="$bs" seek="$(($cur_offset/$bs))"
  cur_offset=$(($cur_offset + $partition_size_1))
)

GitHub의 상류 .

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