c#

이것에 대한 파티에 매우 늦었지만 최근에 직장에서 프로젝트를 위해 다음 도우미 클래스를 작성했습니다. 짧은 문자열을 숫자로 다시 변환하도록 설계 되었지만 (단순한 완벽한 해시 함수) 임의의 염기간에 숫자 변환도 수행합니다. Base10ToString메소드 구현은 원래 게시 된 질문에 대한 대답.

shouldSupportRoundTripping클래스 생성자에 전달 된 플래그는 10 진수로 변환하는 동안 숫자 문자열에서 선행 자릿수가 손실되는 것을 방지하기 위해 필요합니다 (내 요구 사항에 따라 중요합니다!). 대부분의 경우 숫자 문자열에서 선행 0이 손실되는 것은 문제가되지 않을 것입니다.

어쨌든 다음은 코드입니다.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

namespace StackOverflow
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Contains methods used to convert numbers between base-10 and another numbering system.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// <para>
    /// This conversion class makes use of a set of characters that represent the digits used by the target
    /// numbering system. For example, binary would use the digits 0 and 1, whereas hex would use the digits
    /// 0 through 9 plus A through F. The digits do not have to be numerals.
    /// </para>
    /// <para>
    /// The first digit in the sequence has special significance. If the number passed to the
    /// <see cref="StringToBase10"/> method has leading digits that match the first digit, then those leading
    /// digits will effectively be 'lost' during conversion. Much of the time this won't matter. For example,
    /// "0F" hex will be converted to 15 decimal, but when converted back to hex it will become simply "F",
    /// losing the leading "0". However, if the set of digits was A through Z, and the number "ABC" was
    /// converted to base-10 and back again, then the leading "A" would be lost. The <see cref="System.Boolean"/>
    /// flag passed to the constructor allows 'round-tripping' behaviour to be supported, which will prevent
    /// leading digits from being lost during conversion.
    /// </para>
    /// <para>
    /// Note that numeric overflow is probable when using longer strings and larger digit sets.
    /// </para>
    /// </remarks>
    public class Base10Converter
    {
        const char NullDigit = '\0';

        public Base10Converter(string digits, bool shouldSupportRoundTripping = false)
            : this(digits.ToCharArray(), shouldSupportRoundTripping)
        {
        }

        public Base10Converter(IEnumerable<char> digits, bool shouldSupportRoundTripping = false)
        {
            if (digits == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("digits");
            }

            if (digits.Count() == 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(
                    message: "The sequence is empty.",
                    paramName: "digits"
                    );
            }

            if (!digits.Distinct().SequenceEqual(digits))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(
                    message: "There are duplicate characters in the sequence.",
                    paramName: "digits"
                    );
            }

            if (shouldSupportRoundTripping)
            {
                digits = (new[] { NullDigit }).Concat(digits);
            }

            _digitToIndexMap =
                digits
                .Select((digit, index) => new { digit, index })
                .ToDictionary(keySelector: x => x.digit, elementSelector: x => x.index);

            _radix = _digitToIndexMap.Count;

            _indexToDigitMap =
                _digitToIndexMap
                .ToDictionary(keySelector: x => x.Value, elementSelector: x => x.Key);
        }

        readonly Dictionary<char, int> _digitToIndexMap;
        readonly Dictionary<int, char> _indexToDigitMap;
        readonly int _radix;

        public long StringToBase10(string number)
        {
            Func<char, int, long> selector =
                (c, i) =>
                {
                    int power = number.Length - i - 1;

                    int digitIndex;
                    if (!_digitToIndexMap.TryGetValue(c, out digitIndex))
                    {
                        throw new ArgumentException(
                            message: String.Format("Number contains an invalid digit '{0}' at position {1}.", c, i),
                            paramName: "number"
                            );
                    }

                    return Convert.ToInt64(digitIndex * Math.Pow(_radix, power));
                };

            return number.Select(selector).Sum();
        }

        public string Base10ToString(long number)
        {
            if (number < 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(
                    message: "Value cannot be negative.",
                    paramName: "number"
                    );
            }

            string text = string.Empty;

            long remainder;
            do
            {
                number = Math.DivRem(number, _radix, out remainder);

                char digit;
                if (!_indexToDigitMap.TryGetValue((int) remainder, out digit) || digit == NullDigit)
                {
                    throw new ArgumentException(
                        message: "Value cannot be converted given the set of digits used by this converter.",
                        paramName: "number"
                        );
                }

                text = digit + text;
            }
            while (number > 0);

            return text;
        }
    }
}

이것은 또한 사용자 지정 숫자 변환기를 파생하기 위해 하위 분류 될 수 있습니다.

namespace StackOverflow
{
    public sealed class BinaryNumberConverter : Base10Converter
    {
        public BinaryNumberConverter()
            : base(digits: "01", shouldSupportRoundTripping: false)
        {
        }
    }

    public sealed class HexNumberConverter : Base10Converter
    {
        public HexNumberConverter()
            : base(digits: "0123456789ABCDEF", shouldSupportRoundTripping: false)
        {
        }
    }
}

그리고 코드는 다음과 같이 사용됩니다.

using System.Diagnostics;

namespace StackOverflow
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            {
                var converter = new Base10Converter(
                    digits: "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
                    shouldSupportRoundTripping: true
                    );

                long number = converter.StringToBase10("Atoz");
                string text = converter.Base10ToString(number);
                Debug.Assert(text == "Atoz");
            }

            {
                var converter = new HexNumberConverter();

                string text = converter.Base10ToString(255);
                long number = converter.StringToBase10(text);
                Debug.Assert(number == 255);
            }
        }
    }
}

답변

public class BaseConverter {

public static string ToBase(string number, int start_base, int target_base) {

  int base10 = this.ToBase10(number, start_base);
  string rtn = this.FromBase10(base10, target_base);
  return rtn;

}

public static int ToBase10(string number, int start_base) {

  if (start_base < 2 || start_base > 36) return 0;
  if (start_base == 10) return Convert.ToInt32(number);

  char[] chrs = number.ToCharArray();
  int m = chrs.Length - 1;
  int n = start_base;
  int x;
  int rtn = 0;

  foreach(char c in chrs) {

    if (char.IsNumber(c))
      x = int.Parse(c.ToString());
    else
      x = Convert.ToInt32(c) - 55;

    rtn += x * (Convert.ToInt32(Math.Pow(n, m)));

    m--;

  }

  return rtn;

}

public static string FromBase10(int number, int target_base) {

  if (target_base < 2 || target_base > 36) return "";
  if (target_base == 10) return number.ToString();

  int n = target_base;
  int q = number;
  int r;
  string rtn = "";

  while (q >= n) {

    r = q % n;
    q = q / n;

    if (r < 10)
      rtn = r.ToString() + rtn;
    else
      rtn = Convert.ToChar(r + 55).ToString() + rtn;

  }

  if (q < 10)
    rtn = q.ToString() + rtn;
  else
    rtn = Convert.ToChar(q + 55).ToString() + rtn;

  return rtn;

}

}

        static string DecimalToBase(int number, int radix)
    {
        // Check that the radix is between 2 and 36 inclusive
        if ( radix < 2 || radix > 36 )
            throw new ArgumentException("ConvertToBase(int number, int radix) - Radix must be between 2 and 36.");

        // Create a buffer large enough to hold the largest int value represented in binary digits 
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("                                ");  // 32 spaces

        // The base conversion calculates the digits in reverse order so use
        // an index to point to the last unused space in our buffer
        int i = 32;

        // Convert the number to the new base
        do
        {
            int remainder = number % radix;
            number = number / radix;
            if(remainder <= 9)
                result[--i] = (char)(remainder + '0');  // Converts [0..9] to ASCII ['0'..'9']
            else
                result[--i] = (char)(remainder + '7');  // Converts [10..36] to ASCII ['A'..'Z']
        } while ( number > 0 );

        // Remove the unwanted padding from the front of our buffer and return the result
        // Note i points to the last unused character in our buffer
        result.Remove( 0, i );
        return (result.ToString());
    }