[javascript] NodeJS의 JavaScript OOP : 어떻게?

Java에서와 같이 고전적인 OOP에 익숙합니다.

NodeJS를 사용하여 JavaScript에서 OOP를 수행하는 모범 사례는 무엇입니까?

각 클래스는 module.export?

수업은 어떻게 만드나요?

this.Class = function() {
    //constructor?
    var privateField = ""
    this.publicField = ""
    var privateMethod = function() {}
    this.publicMethod = function() {}
}

vs. (정확한지도 모르겠습니다)

this.Class = {
    privateField: ""
    , privateMethod: function() {}

    , return {
        publicField: ""
        publicMethod: function() {}
    }
}

대

this.Class = function() {}

this.Class.prototype.method = function(){}

...

상속은 어떻게 작동합니까?

NodeJS에서 OOP를 구현하기위한 특정 모듈이 있습니까?

OOP와 유사한 것을 만드는 수천 가지 방법을 찾고 있습니다. 그러나 가장 많이 사용되는 / 실용적인 / 깨끗한 방법이 무엇인지 전혀 모릅니다.

보너스 질문 : MongooseJS와 함께 사용하기 위해 제안 된 “OOP 스타일”은 무엇입니까? (MongooseJS 문서를 클래스로 볼 수 있고 모델로 인스턴스로 사용할 수 있습니까?)

편집하다

다음은 JsFiddle 의 예입니다 . 피드백을 제공해주세요.

//http://javascriptissexy.com/oop-in-javascript-what-you-need-to-know/
function inheritPrototype(childObject, parentObject) {
    var copyOfParent = Object.create(parentObject.prototype)
    copyOfParent.constructor = childObject
    childObject.prototype = copyOfParent
}

//example
function Canvas (id) {
    this.id = id
    this.shapes = {} //instead of array?
    console.log("Canvas constructor called "+id)
}
Canvas.prototype = {
    constructor: Canvas
    , getId: function() {
        return this.id
    }
    , getShape: function(shapeId) {
        return this.shapes[shapeId]
    }
    , getShapes: function() {
        return this.shapes
    }
    , addShape: function (shape)  {
        this.shapes[shape.getId()] = shape
    }
    , removeShape: function (shapeId)  {
        var shape = this.shapes[shapeId]
        if (shape)
            delete this.shapes[shapeId]
        return shape
    }
}

function Shape(id) {
    this.id = id
    this.size = { width: 0, height: 0 }
    console.log("Shape constructor called "+id)
}
Shape.prototype = {
    constructor: Shape
    , getId: function() {
        return this.id
    }
    , getSize: function() {
        return this.size
    }
    , setSize: function (size)  {
        this.size = size
    }
}

//inheritance
function Square(id, otherSuff) {
    Shape.call(this, id) //same as Shape.prototype.constructor.apply( this, arguments ); ?
    this.stuff = otherSuff
    console.log("Square constructor called "+id)
}
inheritPrototype(Square, Shape)
Square.prototype.getSize = function() { //override
    return this.size.width
}

function ComplexShape(id) {
    Shape.call(this, id)
    this.frame = null
    console.log("ComplexShape constructor called "+id)
}
inheritPrototype(ComplexShape, Shape)
ComplexShape.prototype.getFrame = function() {
    return this.frame
}
ComplexShape.prototype.setFrame = function(frame) {
    this.frame = frame
}

function Frame(id) {
    this.id = id
    this.length = 0
}
Frame.prototype = {
    constructor: Frame
    , getId: function() {
        return this.id
    }
    , getLength: function() {
        return this.length
    }
    , setLength: function (length)  {
        this.length = length
    }
}

/////run
var aCanvas = new Canvas("c1")
var anotherCanvas = new Canvas("c2")
console.log("aCanvas: "+ aCanvas.getId())

var aSquare = new Square("s1", {})
aSquare.setSize({ width: 100, height: 100})
console.log("square overridden size: "+aSquare.getSize())

var aComplexShape = new ComplexShape("supercomplex")
var aFrame = new Frame("f1")
aComplexShape.setFrame(aFrame)
console.log(aComplexShape.getFrame())

aCanvas.addShape(aSquare)
aCanvas.addShape(aComplexShape)
console.log("Shapes in aCanvas: "+Object.keys(aCanvas.getShapes()).length)

anotherCanvas.addShape(aCanvas.removeShape("supercomplex"))
console.log("Shapes in aCanvas: "+Object.keys(aCanvas.getShapes()).length)
console.log("Shapes in anotherCanvas: "+Object.keys(anotherCanvas.getShapes()).length)

console.log(aSquare instanceof Shape)
console.log(aComplexShape instanceof Shape)

답변

var method = Animal.prototype;

function Animal(age) {
    this._age = age;
}

method.getAge = function() {
    return this._age;
};

module.exports = Animal;

var Animal = require("./animal.js");

var john = new Animal(3);

var _super = require("./animal.js").prototype,
    method = Mouse.prototype = Object.create( _super );

method.constructor = Mouse;

function Mouse() {
    _super.constructor.apply( this, arguments );
}
//Pointless override to show super calls
//note that for performance (e.g. inlining the below is impossible)
//you should do
//method.$getAge = _super.getAge;
//and then use this.$getAge() instead of super()
method.getAge = function() {
    return _super.getAge.call(this);
};

module.exports = Mouse;

 var method = List.prototype;
 function List() {

 }

 method.add = Array.prototype.push;

 ...

 var a = new List();
 a.add(3);
 console.log(a[0]) //3;

'use strict';
class Animal{

 constructor(name){
    this.name = name ;
 }

 print(){
    console.log('Name is :'+ this.name);
 }
}

var a1 = new Animal('Dog');

'use strict';
class Base{

 constructor(){
 }
 // methods definitions go here
}

class Child extends Base{
 // methods definitions go here
 print(){
 }
}

var childObj = new Child();

crx_registerClass("ExampleClass",
{
    "VERBOSE": 1,

    "public var publicVar": 5,
    "private var privateVar": 7,

    "public virtual function publicVirtualFunction": function(x)
    {
        this.publicVar1 = x;
        console.log("publicVirtualFunction");
    },

    "private virtual function privatePureVirtualFunction": 0,

    "protected virtual final function protectedVirtualFinalFunction": function()
    {
        console.log("protectedVirtualFinalFunction");
    }
});

crx_registerClass("ExampleSubClass",
{
    VERBOSE: 1,
    EXTENDS: "ExampleClass",

    "public var publicVar": 2,

    "private virtual function privatePureVirtualFunction": function(x)
    {
        this.PARENT.CONSTRUCT(pA);
        console.log("ExampleSubClass::privatePureVirtualFunction");
    }
});

var gExampleSubClass = crx_new("ExampleSubClass", 4);

console.log(gExampleSubClass.publicVar);
console.log(gExampleSubClass.CAST("ExampleClass").publicVar);