[haskell] Haskell에서 파생은 어떻게 작동합니까?

deriving-clauses와 유사한 방식으로 Template Haskell 을 사용하여 인스턴스 선언을 생성 할 수 있습니다 .

다음 예제는 Haskell Wiki 에서 뻔뻔스럽게 도난당했습니다 .

이 예에서는 다음 Haskell 코드를 사용합니다.

$(gen_render ''Body)

다음 인스턴스를 생성합니다.

instance TH_Render Body where
  render (NormalB exp) = build 'normalB exp
  render (GuardedB guards) = build 'guardedB  guards

gen_render위 의 기능 은 다음과 같이 정의됩니다. (이 코드는 위 사용법과는 별도의 모듈에 있어야합니다.)

-- Generate an intance of the class TH_Render for the type typName
gen_render :: Name -> Q [Dec]
gen_render typName =
  do (TyConI d) <- reify typName -- Get all the information on the type
     (type_name,_,_,constructors) <- typeInfo (return d) -- extract name and constructors                  
     i_dec <- gen_instance (mkName "TH_Render") (conT type_name) constructors
                      -- generation function for method "render"
                      [(mkName "render", gen_render)]
     return [i_dec]  -- return the instance declaration
             -- function to generation the function body for a particular function
             -- and constructor
       where gen_render (conName, components) vars
                 -- function name is based on constructor name  
               = let funcName = makeName $ unCapalize $ nameBase conName
                 -- choose the correct builder function
                     headFunc = case vars of
                                     [] -> "func_out"
                                     otherwise -> "build"
                      -- build 'funcName parm1 parm2 parm3 ...
                   in appsE $ (varE $ mkName headFunc):funcName:vars -- put it all together
             -- equivalent to 'funcStr where funcStr CONTAINS the name to be returned
             makeName funcStr = (appE (varE (mkName "mkName")) (litE $ StringL funcStr))

다음 기능과 유형을 사용합니다.

먼저 코드를 더 읽기 쉽게 만들기위한 유형 동의어입니다.

type Constructor = (Name, [(Maybe Name, Type)]) -- the list of constructors
type Cons_vars = [ExpQ] -- A list of variables that bind in the constructor
type Function_body = ExpQ
type Gen_func = Constructor -> Cons_vars -> Function_body
type Func_name = Name   -- The name of the instance function we will be creating
-- For each function in the instance we provide a generator function
-- to generate the function body (the body is generated for each constructor)
type Funcs = [(Func_name, Gen_func)]

재사용 가능한 주요 기능. 인스턴스의 함수를 생성하기 위해 함수 목록을 전달합니다.

-- construct an instance of class class_name for type for_type
-- funcs is a list of instance method names with a corresponding
-- function to build the method body
gen_instance :: Name -> TypeQ -> [Constructor] -> Funcs -> DecQ
gen_instance class_name for_type constructors funcs =
  instanceD (cxt [])
    (appT (conT class_name) for_type)
    (map func_def funcs)
      where func_def (func_name, gen_func)
                = funD func_name -- method name
                  -- generate function body for each constructor
                  (map (gen_clause gen_func) constructors)

위의 도우미 기능.

-- Generate the pattern match and function body for a given method and
-- a given constructor. func_body is a function that generations the
-- function body
gen_clause :: (Constructor -> [ExpQ] -> ExpQ) -> Constructor -> ClauseQ
gen_clause func_body data_con@(con_name, components) =
      -- create a parameter for each component of the constructor
   do vars <- mapM var components
      -- function (unnamed) that pattern matches the constructor 
      -- mapping each component to a value.
      (clause [(conP con_name (map varP vars))]
            (normalB (func_body data_con (map varE vars))) [])
       -- create a unique name for each component. 
       where var (_, typ)
                 = newName
                   $ case typ of
                     (ConT name) -> toL $ nameBase name
                     otherwise   -> "parm"
               where toL (x:y) = (toLower x):y

unCapalize :: [Char] -> [Char]
unCapalize (x:y) = (toLower x):y

그리고 Syb III / replib 0.2에서 가져온 일부 도우미 코드를 빌 렸습니다.

typeInfo :: DecQ -> Q (Name, [Name], [(Name, Int)], [(Name, [(Maybe Name, Type)])])
typeInfo m =
     do d <- m
        case d of
           d@(DataD _ _ _ _ _) ->
            return $ (simpleName $ name d, paramsA d, consA d, termsA d)
           d@(NewtypeD _ _ _ _ _) ->
            return $ (simpleName $ name d, paramsA d, consA d, termsA d)
           _ -> error ("derive: not a data type declaration: " ++ show d)

     where
        consA (DataD _ _ _ cs _)    = map conA cs
        consA (NewtypeD _ _ _ c _)  = [ conA c ]

        {- This part no longer works on 7.6.3
        paramsA (DataD _ _ ps _ _) = ps
        paramsA (NewtypeD _ _ ps _ _) = ps
        -}

        -- Use this on more recent GHC rather than the above
        paramsA (DataD _ _ ps _ _) = map nameFromTyVar ps
        paramsA (NewtypeD _ _ ps _ _) = map nameFromTyVar ps

        nameFromTyVar (PlainTV a) = a
        nameFromTyVar (KindedTV a _) = a


        termsA (DataD _ _ _ cs _) = map termA cs
        termsA (NewtypeD _ _ _ c _) = [ termA c ]

        termA (NormalC c xs)        = (c, map (\x -> (Nothing, snd x)) xs)
        termA (RecC c xs)           = (c, map (\(n, _, t) -> (Just $ simpleName n, t)) xs)
        termA (InfixC t1 c t2)      = (c, [(Nothing, snd t1), (Nothing, snd t2)])

        conA (NormalC c xs)         = (simpleName c, length xs)
        conA (RecC c xs)            = (simpleName c, length xs)
        conA (InfixC _ c _)         = (simpleName c, 2)

        name (DataD _ n _ _ _)      = n
        name (NewtypeD _ n _ _ _)   = n
        name d                      = error $ show d

simpleName :: Name -> Name
simpleName nm =
   let s = nameBase nm
   in case dropWhile (/=':') s of
        []          -> mkName s
        _:[]        -> mkName s
        _:t         -> mkName t

답변