Android API 레벨 (23)에서는 권한을 확인해야합니다.
https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html

동일한 문제가 있었지만 다음 사항이 저에게 효과적이며 위치 데이터를 성공적으로 검색 할 수 있습니다.

(1) Manifest에 나열된 권한이 있는지 확인하십시오.

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>

(2) 사용자에게 권한을 요청해야합니다.

if ( ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission( this, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION ) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED ) {

            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions( this, new String[] {  android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION  },
                                                LocationService.MY_PERMISSION_ACCESS_COURSE_LOCATION );
        }

(3) 이전 API 레벨과 호환되므로 ContextCompat를 사용해야합니다.

(4) 위치 서비스 또는 LocationManager를 초기화하고 마지막으로 알려진 위치를 가져 오는 클래스에서 권한을 확인해야합니다.

if ( Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23 &&
             ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission( context, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION ) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
             ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission( context, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            return  ;
        }

(5)이 접근 방식은 initLocationService 메서드의 맨 위에 @TargetApi (23)를 포함시킨 후에 만 ​​저에게 효과적이었습니다.

(6) 나는 또한 이것을 내 gradle 빌드에 추가했습니다.

compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:23.0.1'

참조를위한 내 LocationService는 다음과 같습니다.

public class LocationService implements LocationListener  {

    //The minimum distance to change updates in meters
    private static final long MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES = 0; // 10 meters

    //The minimum time between updates in milliseconds
    private static final long MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES = 0;//1000 * 60 * 1; // 1 minute

    private final static boolean forceNetwork = false;

    private static LocationService instance = null;

    private LocationManager locationManager;
    public Location location;
    public double longitude;
    public double latitude; 


    /**
     * Singleton implementation
     * @return
     */
    public static LocationService getLocationManager(Context context)     {
        if (instance == null) {
            instance = new LocationService(context);
        }
        return instance;
    }

    /**
     * Local constructor
     */
    private LocationService( Context context )     {

        initLocationService(context); 
        LogService.log("LocationService created");
    }



    /**
     * Sets up location service after permissions is granted
     */
    @TargetApi(23)
    private void initLocationService(Context context) {


        if ( Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23 &&
             ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission( context, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION ) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
             ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission( context, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            return  ;
        }

        try   {
            this.longitude = 0.0;
            this.latitude = 0.0;
            this.locationManager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

            // Get GPS and network status
            this.isGPSEnabled = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
            this.isNetworkEnabled = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);

            if (forceNetwork) isGPSEnabled = false;

            if (!isNetworkEnabled && !isGPSEnabled)    {
                // cannot get location
                this.locationServiceAvailable = false;
            }
            //else
            {
                this.locationServiceAvailable = true;

                if (isNetworkEnabled) {
                    locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER,
                            MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES,
                            MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES, this);
                    if (locationManager != null)   {
                        location = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
                        updateCoordinates();
                    }
                }//end if

                if (isGPSEnabled)  {
                    locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER,
                            MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES,
                            MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES, this);

                    if (locationManager != null)  {
                        location = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
                        updateCoordinates();
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception ex)  {
            LogService.log( "Error creating location service: " + ex.getMessage() );

        }
    }       


    @Override
    public void onLocationChanged(Location location)     {
        // do stuff here with location object 
    }
}

지금까지 Android Lollipop 기기로만 테스트했습니다. 이것이 당신을 위해 작동하기를 바랍니다.