[data-structures] 데이터 구조 : 삽입, 제거, 포함, 임의 요소 가져 오기, 모두 O (1)

다음은 같은 질문을 받았을 때 잠시 생각해 낸 문제에 대한 C # 솔루션입니다. 다른 표준 .NET 인터페이스와 함께 Add, Remove, Contains 및 Random을 구현합니다. 인터뷰 중에 그렇게 자세하게 구현해야한다는 것은 아니지만 구체적인 해결책을 찾는 것이 좋습니다.

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;

/// <summary>
/// This class represents an unordered bag of items with the
/// the capability to get a random item.  All operations are O(1).
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of the item.</typeparam>
public class Bag<T> : ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, ICollection, IEnumerable
{
    private Dictionary<T, int> index;
    private List<T> items;
    private Random rand;
    private object syncRoot;

    /// <summary>
    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Bag&lt;T&gt;"/> class.
    /// </summary>
    public Bag()
        : this(0)
    {
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Bag&lt;T&gt;"/> class.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="capacity">The capacity.</param>
    public Bag(int capacity)
    {
        this.index = new Dictionary<T, int>(capacity);
        this.items = new List<T>(capacity);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Bag&lt;T&gt;"/> class.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="collection">The collection.</param>
    public Bag(IEnumerable<T> collection)
    {
        this.items = new List<T>(collection);
        this.index = this.items
            .Select((value, index) => new { value, index })
            .ToDictionary(pair => pair.value, pair => pair.index);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Get random item from bag.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>Random item from bag.</returns>
    /// <exception cref="System.InvalidOperationException">
    /// The bag is empty.
    /// </exception>
    public T Random()
    {
        if (this.items.Count == 0)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException();
        }

        if (this.rand == null)
        {
            this.rand = new Random();
        }

        int randomIndex = this.rand.Next(0, this.items.Count);
        return this.items[randomIndex];
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Adds the specified item.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="item">The item.</param>
    public void Add(T item)
    {
        this.index.Add(item, this.items.Count);
        this.items.Add(item);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Removes the specified item.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="item">The item.</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public bool Remove(T item)
    {
        // Replace index of value to remove with last item in values list
        int keyIndex = this.index[item];
        T lastItem = this.items[this.items.Count - 1];
        this.items[keyIndex] = lastItem;

        // Update index in dictionary for last item that was just moved
        this.index[lastItem] = keyIndex;

        // Remove old value
        this.index.Remove(item);
        this.items.RemoveAt(this.items.Count - 1);

        return true;
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public bool Contains(T item)
    {
        return this.index.ContainsKey(item);
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public void Clear()
    {
        this.index.Clear();
        this.items.Clear();
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public int Count
    {
        get { return this.items.Count; }
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public void CopyTo(T[] array, int arrayIndex)
    {
        this.items.CopyTo(array, arrayIndex);
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public bool IsReadOnly
    {
        get { return false; }
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
    {
        foreach (var value in this.items)
        {
            yield return value;
        }
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
        return this.GetEnumerator();
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public void CopyTo(Array array, int index)
    {
        this.CopyTo(array as T[], index);
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public bool IsSynchronized
    {
        get { return false; }
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public object SyncRoot
    {
        get
        {
            if (this.syncRoot == null)
            {
                Interlocked.CompareExchange<object>(
                    ref this.syncRoot,
                    new object(),
                    null);
            }

            return this.syncRoot;

        }
    }
}

답변