[python] 리스트 요소의 공정한 파티셔닝

참고 : 모든 숫자의 합이 홀수 인 경우를보다 잘 처리하도록 편집되었습니다.

역 추적은이 문제에 대한 가능성입니다.

많은 양의 메모리가 없어도 모든 가능성을 재귀 적으로 검사 할 수 있습니다.

최적의 해를 찾 자마자 중지됩니다. sum = 0, sum집합 A의 요소 합과 집합 B의 요소 합 사이의 차이는 어디 입니까? 편집 : sum < 2모든 숫자의 합이 합산되는 경우를 처리하기 위해 조만간 중지 홀수, 즉 최소 차이 1에 해당합니다.이 전체 합이 짝수이면 최소 차이는 1과 같을 수 없습니다.

그것은 조기 포기 의 간단한 절차를 구현할 수 있습니다 :
주어진 시간에, sum남아있는 모든 요소의 합 (A 또는 B에 배치되지 않은)의 합보다 높으면 획득 된 현재 최소값의 절대 값보다 높으면 검사를 포기할 수 있습니다 나머지 요소를 검사하지 않고 현재 경로 이 절차는 다음과 같이 최적화됩니다.

• 입력 데이터를 내림차순으로 정렬
• 각 단계마다 먼저 가장 가능성있는 선택을 조사하십시오. 이렇게하면 거의 최적의 솔루션으로 빠르게 이동할 수 있습니다

여기 의사 코드가 있습니다

초기화 :

• 요소 정렬 a[]
• 나머지 요소의 합을 계산하십시오. sum_back[i] = sum_back[i+1] + a[i];
• 최소 “차이”를 최대 값으로 설정하십시오. min_diff = sum_back[0];
• 넣어 a[0](A)에 -> 인덱스 i조사 요소의 1로 설정
• 설정 up_down = true;:이 부울은 현재 진행 중인지 (true) 또는 진행 중인지 (false)를 나타냅니다.

while 루프 :

• (up_down) 인 경우 : 전달

  • 의 도움으로 조기 포기 테스트 sum_back
  • 가장 가능한 값 sum을 선택하고이 선택에 따라 조정하십시오
  • if (i == n-1): LEAF-> 최적 값이 개선되었는지 테스트하고 새로운 값이 0이면 리턴합니다 (편집 🙂 if (... < 2); 뒤로 가다
  • 잎이없는 경우 : 계속 진행

• 만약 (! updown) : 뒤로

  • 우리가 도착하면 i == 0: return
  • 이 노드에서 두 번째 보행인 경우 : 두 번째 값을 선택하고 위로 이동하십시오.
  • 다른 : 내려가
  • 두 경우 모두 : 새 sum값을 다시 계산

다음은 C ++ 코드입니다 (죄송합니다, 파이썬을 몰라)

#include    <iostream>
#include    <vector>
#include    <algorithm>
#include    <tuple>

std::tuple<int, std::vector<int>> partition(std::vector<int> &a) {
    int n = a.size();
    std::vector<int> parti (n, -1);     // current partition studies
    std::vector<int> parti_opt (n, 0);  // optimal partition
    std::vector<int> sum_back (n, 0);   // sum of remaining elements
    std::vector<int> n_poss (n, 0);     // number of possibilities already examined at position i

    sum_back[n-1] = a[n-1];
    for (int i = n-2; i >= 0; --i) {
        sum_back[i] = sum_back[i+1] + a[i];
    }

    std::sort(a.begin(), a.end(), std::greater<int>());
    parti[0] = 0;       // a[0] in A always !
    int sum = a[0];     // current sum

    int i = 1;          // index of the element being examined (we force a[0] to be in A !)
    int min_diff = sum_back[0];
    bool up_down = true;

    while (true) {          // UP
        if (up_down) {
            if (std::abs(sum) > sum_back[i] + min_diff) {  //premature abandon
                i--;
                up_down = false;
                continue;
            }
            n_poss[i] = 1;
            if (sum > 0) {
                sum -= a[i];
                parti[i] = 1;
            } else {
                sum += a[i];
                parti[i] = 0;
            }

            if (i == (n-1)) {           // leaf
                if (std::abs(sum) < min_diff) {
                    min_diff = std::abs(sum);
                    parti_opt = parti;
                    if (min_diff < 2) return std::make_tuple (min_diff, parti_opt);   // EDIT: if (... < 2) instead of (... == 0)
                }
                up_down = false;
                i--;
            } else {
                i++;
            }

        } else {            // DOWN
            if (i == 0) break;
            if (n_poss[i] == 2) {
                if (parti[i]) sum += a[i];
                else sum -= a[i];
                //parti[i] = 0;
                i--;
            } else {
                n_poss[i] = 2;
                parti[i] = 1 - parti[i];
                if (parti[i]) sum -= 2*a[i];
                else sum += 2*a[i];
                i++;
                up_down = true;
            }
        }
    }
    return std::make_tuple (min_diff, parti_opt);
}

int main () {
    std::vector<int> a = {5, 6, 2, 10, 2, 3, 4, 13, 17, 38, 42};
    int diff;
    std::vector<int> parti;
    std::tie (diff, parti) = partition (a);

    std::cout << "Difference = " << diff << "\n";

    std::cout << "set A: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); ++i) {
        if (parti[i] == 0) std::cout << a[i] << " ";
    }
    std::cout << "\n";

    std::cout << "set B: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); ++i) {
        if (parti[i] == 1) std::cout << a[i] << " ";
    }
    std::cout << "\n";
}

답변

def partition(ratings):

    def split(lst, bits):
        ret = ([], [])
        for i, item in enumerate(lst):
            ret[(bits >> i) & 1].append(item)
        return ret

    target = sum(ratings) // 2
    best_distance = target
    best_split = ([], [])
    for bits in range(0, 1 << len(ratings)):
        parts = split(ratings, bits)
        distance = abs(sum(parts[0]) - target)
        if best_distance > distance:
            best_distance = distance
            best_split = parts
    return best_split

ratings = [5, 6, 2, 10, 2, 3, 4]
print(ratings)
print(partition(ratings))

[5, 6, 2, 10, 2, 3, 4]
([5, 2, 2, 3, 4], [6, 10])

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Fri Dec  6 18:10:07 2019

@author: Paddy3118
"""

from random import shuffle, random, randint

#%%
items = [5, 6, 2, 10, 2, 3, 4]

def eq(a, b):
    "Equal enough"
    return int(abs(a - b)) == 0

def fair_partition(items, jiggles=100):
    target = sum(items) / 2
    print(f"  Target sum: {target}")
    srt = sorted(items)
    a = srt[::2]    # every even
    b = srt[1::2]   # every odd
    asum = sum(a)
    bsum = sum(b)
    n = 0
    while n < jiggles and not eq(asum, target):
        n += 1
        if random() <0.5:
            # move from a to b?
            if random() <0.5:
                a, b, asum, bsum = b, a, bsum, asum     # Switch
            shuffle(a)
            trial = a[0]
            if abs(target - (bsum + trial)) < abs(target - bsum):  # closer
                b.append(a.pop(0))
                asum -= trial
                bsum += trial
                print(f"  Jiggle {n:2}: Delta after Move: {abs(target - asum)}")
        else:
            # swap between a and b?
            apos = randint(0, len(a) - 1)
            bpos = randint(0, len(b) - 1)
            trya, tryb = a[apos], b[bpos]
            if abs(target - (bsum + trya - tryb)) < abs(target - bsum):  # closer
                b.append(trya)  # adds to end
                b.pop(bpos)     # remove what is swapped
                a.append(tryb)
                a.pop(apos)
                asum += tryb - trya
                bsum += trya - tryb
                print(f"  Jiggle {n:2}: Delta after Swap: {abs(target - asum)}")
    return sorted(a), sorted(b)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    for _ in range(5):
        print('\nFinal:', fair_partition(items), '\n')  

  Target sum: 16.0
  Jiggle  1: Delta after Swap: 2.0
  Jiggle  7: Delta after Swap: 0.0

Final: ([2, 3, 5, 6], [2, 4, 10])

  Target sum: 16.0
  Jiggle  4: Delta after Swap: 0.0

Final: ([2, 4, 10], [2, 3, 5, 6])

  Target sum: 16.0
  Jiggle  9: Delta after Swap: 3.0
  Jiggle 13: Delta after Move: 2.0
  Jiggle 14: Delta after Swap: 1.0
  Jiggle 21: Delta after Swap: 0.0

Final: ([2, 3, 5, 6], [2, 4, 10])

  Target sum: 16.0
  Jiggle  7: Delta after Swap: 3.0
  Jiggle  8: Delta after Move: 1.0
  Jiggle 13: Delta after Swap: 0.0

Final: ([2, 3, 5, 6], [2, 4, 10])

  Target sum: 16.0
  Jiggle  5: Delta after Swap: 0.0

Final: ([2, 4, 10], [2, 3, 5, 6]) 

def partition(ratings):

    def helper(ratings, left, right, aux_list, current_index):
        if current_index >= len(ratings):
            aux_list.append((left, right))
            return

        first = ratings[current_index]
        helper(ratings, left + [first], right, aux_list, current_index + 1)
        helper(ratings, left, right + [first], aux_list, current_index + 1)

    #l contains all possible sublists
    l = []
    helper(ratings, [], [], l, 0)
    set1 = []
    set2 = []
    #set mindiff to a large number
    mindiff = 1000
    for sets in l:
        diff = abs(sum(sets[0]) - sum(sets[1]))
        if diff < mindiff:
            mindiff = diff
            set1 = sets[0]
            set2 = sets[1]
    return (set1, set2)

def listFairestWeakTeams(ratings):
    current_best_weak_team_rating = -1
    fairest_weak_teams = []
    for weak_team in recursiveWeakTeamGenerator(ratings):
        weak_team_rating = teamRating(weak_team, ratings)
        if weak_team_rating > current_best_weak_team_rating:
            fairest_weak_teams = []
            current_best_weak_team_rating = weak_team_rating
        if weak_team_rating == current_best_weak_team_rating:
            fairest_weak_teams.append(weak_team)
    return fairest_weak_teams


def recursiveWeakTeamGenerator(
    ratings,
    weak_team=[],
    current_applicant_index=0
):
    if not isValidWeakTeam(weak_team, ratings):
        return
    if current_applicant_index == len(ratings):
        yield weak_team
        return
    for new_team in recursiveWeakTeamGenerator(
        ratings,
        weak_team + [current_applicant_index],
        current_applicant_index + 1
    ):
        yield new_team
    for new_team in recursiveWeakTeamGenerator(
        ratings,
        weak_team,
        current_applicant_index + 1
    ):
        yield new_team


def isValidWeakTeam(weak_team, ratings):
    total_rating = sum(ratings)
    weak_team_rating = teamRating(weak_team, ratings)
    optimal_weak_team_rating = total_rating // 2
    if weak_team_rating > optimal_weak_team_rating:
        return False
    elif weak_team_rating * 2 == total_rating:
        # In case of equal strengths, player 0 is assumed
        # to be in the "weak" team
        return 0 in weak_team
    else:
        return True


def teamRating(team_members, ratings):
    return sum(memberRatings(team_members, ratings))


def memberRatings(team_members, ratings):
    return [ratings[i] for i in team_members]


def getOpposingTeam(team, ratings):
    return [i for i in range(len(ratings)) if i not in team]


ratings = [5, 6, 2, 10, 2, 3, 4]
print("Player ratings:     ", ratings)
print("*" * 40)
for option, weak_team in enumerate(listFairestWeakTeams(ratings)):
    strong_team = getOpposingTeam(weak_team, ratings)
    print("Possible partition", option + 1)
    print("Weak team members:  ", weak_team)
    print("Weak team ratings:  ", memberRatings(weak_team, ratings))
    print("Strong team members:", strong_team)
    print("Strong team ratings:", memberRatings(strong_team, ratings))
    print("*" * 40)

Player ratings:      [5, 6, 2, 10, 2, 3, 4]
****************************************
Possible partition 1
Weak team members:   [0, 1, 2, 5]
Weak team ratings:   [5, 6, 2, 3]
Strong team members: [3, 4, 6]
Strong team ratings: [10, 2, 4]
****************************************
Possible partition 2
Weak team members:   [0, 1, 4, 5]
Weak team ratings:   [5, 6, 2, 3]
Strong team members: [2, 3, 6]
Strong team ratings: [2, 10, 4]
****************************************
Possible partition 3
Weak team members:   [0, 2, 4, 5, 6]
Weak team ratings:   [5, 2, 2, 3, 4]
Strong team members: [1, 3]
Strong team ratings: [6, 10]
****************************************

from itertools import combinations

ratings = [5, 6, 2, 10, 2, 3, 4]

target = sum(ratings)/2

difference_dictionary = {}
for i in range(1, len(ratings)):
    for combination in combinations(ratings, i):
        diff = sum(combination) - target
        if diff >= 0:
            difference_dictionary[diff] = difference_dictionary.get(diff, []) + [combination]

# get min difference to target score 
min_difference_to_target = min(difference_dictionary.keys())
strong_ratings = difference_dictionary[min_difference_to_target]
first_strong_ratings = [x for x in strong_ratings[0]]

weak_ratings = ratings.copy()
for strong_rating in first_strong_ratings:
    weak_ratings.remove(strong_rating)

first_strong_ratings
[6, 10]

weak_rating
[5, 2, 2, 3, 4]

lis = [5, 6, 2, 10, 2, 3, 4]
lis.sort()
lis.reverse()

bucket_1 = []
bucket_2 = []

for item in lis:
    if sum(bucket_1) <= sum(bucket_2):
        bucket_1.append(item)
    else:
        bucket_2.append(item)

print("Bucket 1 : {}".format(bucket_1))
print("Bucket 2 : {}".format(bucket_2))

Bucket 1 : [10, 4, 2]
Bucket 2 : [6, 5, 3, 2]

def sum_list(lis, n, X):
    """
    This function will return sum of all elemenst whose bit is set to 1 in X
    """
    sum_ = 0
    # print(X)
    for i in range(n):
        if (X & 1<<i ) !=0:
            # print( lis[i], end=" ")
            sum_ += lis[i]
    # print()
    return sum_

def return_list(lis, n, X):
    """
    This function will return list of all element whose bit is set to 1 in X
    """
    new_lis = []
    for i in range(n):
        if (X & 1<<i) != 0:
            new_lis.append(lis[i])
    return new_lis

lis = [5, 6, 2, 10, 2, 3, 4]
n = len(lis)
total = 2**n -1

result_1 = 0
result_2 = total
result_1_sum = 0
result_2_sum = sum_list(lis,n, result_2)
ans = total
for i in range(total):
    x = (total ^ i)
    sum_x = sum_list(lis, n, x)
    sum_y = sum_list(lis, n, i)

    if abs(sum_x-sum_y) < ans:
        result_1 =  x
        result_2 = i
        result_1_sum = sum_x
        result_2_sum = sum_y
        ans = abs(result_1_sum-result_2_sum)

"""
Produce resultant list
"""

bucket_1 = return_list(lis,n,result_1)
bucket_2 = return_list(lis, n, result_2)

print("Bucket 1 : {}".format(bucket_1))
print("Bucket 2 : {}".format(bucket_2))

Bucket 1 : [5, 2, 2, 3, 4]
Bucket 2 : [6, 10]