[objective-c] Swift 변수는 원자 적입니까?

세부

• Xcode 9.1, Swift 4
• Xcode 10.2.1 (10E1001), Swift 5

연결

• apple.developer.com 디스패치
• Swift 3의 Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) 및 Dispatch Queues
• Swift에서 스레드로부터 안전한 배열 만들기
• Swift의 뮤텍스 및 클로저 캡처

구현 된 유형

• AtomicArray
• AtomicInteger
• AtomicValue

주요 아이디어

class Example {

    private lazy var semaphore = DispatchSemaphore(value: 1)

    func executeThreadSafeFunc1() {
        // Lock access. Only first thread can execute code below.
        // Other threads will wait until semaphore.signal() will execute
        semaphore.wait()
        // your code
        semaphore.signal()         // Unlock access
    }

    func executeThreadSafeFunc2() {
        // Lock access. Only first thread can execute code below.
        // Other threads will wait until semaphore.signal() will execute
        semaphore.wait()
        DispatchQueue.global(qos: .background).async {
            // your code
            self.semaphore.signal()         // Unlock access
        }
    }
}

원자 적 액세스 샘플

class Atomic {

    let dispatchGroup = DispatchGroup()
    private var variable = 0

    // Usage of semaphores

    func semaphoreSample() {

        // value: 1 - number of threads that have simultaneous access to the variable
        let atomicSemaphore = DispatchSemaphore(value: 1)
        variable = 0

        runInSeveralQueues { dispatchQueue  in
            // Only (value) queqes can run operations betwen atomicSemaphore.wait() and atomicSemaphore.signal()
            // Others queues await their turn
            atomicSemaphore.wait()            // Lock access until atomicSemaphore.signal()
            self.variable += 1
            print("\(dispatchQueue), value: \(self.variable)")
            atomicSemaphore.signal()          // Unlock access
        }

        notifyWhenDone {
            atomicSemaphore.wait()           // Lock access until atomicSemaphore.signal()
            print("variable = \(self.variable)")
            atomicSemaphore.signal()         // Unlock access
        }
    }

    // Usage of sync of DispatchQueue

    func dispatchQueueSync() {
        let atomicQueue = DispatchQueue(label: "dispatchQueueSync")
        variable = 0

        runInSeveralQueues { dispatchQueue  in

            // Only queqe can run this closure (atomicQueue.sync {...})
            // Others queues await their turn
            atomicQueue.sync {
                self.variable += 1
                print("\(dispatchQueue), value: \(self.variable)")
            }
        }

        notifyWhenDone {
            atomicQueue.sync {
                print("variable = \(self.variable)")
            }
        }
    }

    // Usage of objc_sync_enter/objc_sync_exit

    func objcSync() {
        variable = 0

        runInSeveralQueues { dispatchQueue  in

            // Only one queqe can run operations betwen objc_sync_enter(self) and objc_sync_exit(self)
            // Others queues await their turn
            objc_sync_enter(self)                   // Lock access until objc_sync_exit(self).
            self.variable += 1
            print("\(dispatchQueue), value: \(self.variable)")
            objc_sync_exit(self)                    // Unlock access
        }

        notifyWhenDone {
            objc_sync_enter(self)                   // Lock access until objc_sync_exit(self)
            print("variable = \(self.variable)")
            objc_sync_exit(self)                    // Unlock access
        }
    }
}

// Helpers

extension Atomic {

    fileprivate func notifyWhenDone(closure: @escaping ()->()) {
        dispatchGroup.notify(queue: .global(qos: .utility)) {
            closure()
            print("All work done")
        }
    }

    fileprivate func runInSeveralQueues(closure: @escaping (DispatchQueue)->()) {

        async(dispatch: .main, closure: closure)
        async(dispatch: .global(qos: .userInitiated), closure: closure)
        async(dispatch: .global(qos: .utility), closure: closure)
        async(dispatch: .global(qos: .default), closure: closure)
        async(dispatch: .global(qos: .userInteractive), closure: closure)
    }

    private func async(dispatch: DispatchQueue, closure: @escaping (DispatchQueue)->()) {

        for _ in 0 ..< 100 {
            dispatchGroup.enter()
            dispatch.async {
                let usec = Int(arc4random()) % 100_000
                usleep(useconds_t(usec))
                closure(dispatch)
                self.dispatchGroup.leave()
            }
        }
    }
}

용법

Atomic().semaphoreSample()
//Atomic().dispatchQueueSync()
//Atomic().objcSync()

결과

답변

@propertyWrapper
struct atomic<T> {
    private var value: T
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(wrappedValue value: T) {
        self.value = value
    }

    var wrappedValue: T {
      get { getValue() }
      set { setValue(newValue: newValue) }
    }

    func getValue() -> T {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }

        return value
    }

    mutating func setValue(newValue: T) {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }

        value = newValue
    }
}

class Shared {
    @atomic var value: Int
...
}

/// Defines a basic signature that all locks will conform to. Provides the basis for atomic access to stuff.
protocol Lock {
    init()
    /// Lock a resource for writing. So only one thing can write, and nothing else can read or write.
    func writeLock()
    /// Lock a resource for reading. Other things can also lock for reading at the same time, but nothing else can write at that time.
    func readLock()
    /// Unlock a resource
    func unlock()
}

final class PThreadRWLock: Lock {
    private var rwLock = pthread_rwlock_t()

    init() {
        guard pthread_rwlock_init(&rwLock, nil) == 0 else {
            preconditionFailure("Unable to initialize the lock")
        }
    }

    deinit {
        pthread_rwlock_destroy(&rwLock)
    }

    func writeLock() {
        pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&rwLock)
    }

    func readLock() {
        pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&rwLock)
    }

    func unlock() {
        pthread_rwlock_unlock(&rwLock)
    }
}

/// A property wrapper that ensures atomic access to a value. IE only one thing can write at a time.
/// Multiple things can potentially read at the same time, just not during a write.
/// By using `pthread` to do the locking, this safer then using a `DispatchQueue/barrier` as there isn't a chance
/// of priority inversion.
@propertyWrapper
public final class Atomic<Value> {

    private var value: Value
    private let lock: Lock = PThreadRWLock()

    public init(wrappedValue value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }

    public var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            self.lock.readLock()
            defer { self.lock.unlock() }
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.lock.writeLock()
            self.value = newValue
            self.lock.unlock()
        }
    }

    /// Provides a closure that will be called synchronously. This closure will be passed in the current value
    /// and it is free to modify it. Any modifications will be saved back to the original value.
    /// No other reads/writes will be allowed between when the closure is called and it returns.
    public func mutate(_ closure: (inout Value) -> Void) {
        self.lock.writeLock()
        closure(&value)
        self.lock.unlock()
    }
}